Different type of router components - what is working of components

Router consists of different types of router components and these components are allow the router to function properly

PROCESSOR
ROM (BIOS)
RAM
NVRAM
FLASH MEMORY
IOS
INTERFACES

What Working of router components

1.PROCESSOR:- A Processor in router is used to execute the IOS Command. Cisco Router Two types of Processor.

MOTOROLA 68030
ORION R4600

2.ROM (BIOS) It is Non-Volatile memory that contain following programs:-

A. POST:-(Power On Self Test) It is check hardware details of system. Post check 14 services. But these services are start in numerical format.

POST- 1. OK(Single Beep Code)

POST- 2. FAULT- a. Fault Error

b. Non Fetal Error(Message)

B. Boot-Strap Loader:- It initialize all the components of the router. So that they can be operational or ready to work. After initializing devices it is boot IOS from the flash memory according to configuration register value.

C. Mini-IOS:- Mini IOS not present in every router, It is contains an alternate IOS image which provides limited finicality.

D. ROM Monitor Mode:-This is used by ROM manufactured to troubleshoot the ROM.

3.RAM:- This is used to hold active ISO image and running Configuration of router.(It only support running configuration).

4.NVRAM(Non-Volatile Random Access Memory):- It is used to store router configuration permanently.

5.Flash Memory:- It is hold the IOS image of router in compressed format.

6.IOS:- It is OS of router with the (.BIN) extension It is present in flash memory and the current version is 15.0 or above. (internetworking OS).

How to Boot Router:-

Switch on---POST---Bootstrap Loader----Conf-register 2012---Flash Memory---NVRAM----Booted----RAM.

Configuration Register:- It is a 16 bit binary register no. Which decides the booting of router. The value of configure register is written in hexadecimal.

0x2102 = It load the NVRAM at booting time.

0x2142 = Password break (skip the NVRAM).

0x2100 = Router Boot in Roman Mode.

NOTE:- When we have change the configuration Register value from 2102 to 2142 then according to bit value it is skip the NVRAM.